Question 1

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Accepted Answer

A)   in school he found himself easily surpassing other students who came from much more privileged backgrounds than himself.
B)   in school he found that he could not compete successfully against the very top students, despite his own privileged background.
C)   he observed that the top scientists tended to come from specific countries.
D)   males tended to outperform females in academic tasks.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C) B

Question 2

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Accepted Answer

A)   horizontal.
B)   45 degrees from the horizontal.
C)   U-shaped.
D)   irregular and curved.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

Accepted Answer

A)   10ᵗʰ tallest and 11ᵗʰ tallest
B)   49ᵗʰ tallest and 50ᵗʰ tallest
C)   shortest to second shortest
D)   The differences between all adjacent pairs will be about the same.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Accepted Answer

A)   in general nature is more important than nurture.
B)   the two factors are equal in importance.
C)   in general nurture is more important than nature.
D)   the two factors interact in such complex ways that it is impossible to separate their effects.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

Accepted Answer

A)   He could read and write before the age of 3.
B)   He quoted from the Iliad and the Odyssey by the age of 6.
C)   He enrolled as a medical student at Birmingham General Hospital when he was 16.
D)   He earned the title of senior "wrangler" on the Mathematical Tripos Examination at age 18.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

Accepted Answer

Pearson refined Galton's ideas about correlation and regression and developed a convenient formula for calculating a "product-moment correlation coefficient," also referred to as Pearson's r.The technique also allowed correlation to be extended to cover negative relationships.

Question 7

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   an uncle who taught him elementary statistics.
B)   a phrenologist who told him his brain and intelligence were naturally better suited to practical than to academic pursuits.
C)   a minister who convinced him to pursue altruistic goals.
D)   his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, who taught him evolution.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Match the definition with the term.
-coefficient of correlation

Accepted Answer

A)  derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships
B)  a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables
C)  the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variableD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 9

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

Accepted Answer

A)   temporarily tipped the balance of informed opinion toward the hereditarian view.
B)   was influenced by the ideas of Galton.
C)   was later found to be deeply flawed and perhaps fraudulent.
D)   introduced new research techniques that have continued to be employed in later twin studies.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Match the controversy with the individual.
-Cyril Burt

Accepted Answer

A)  He published studies of twin pairs reared apart,now discredited but supposedly conducted under nearly ideal scientific conditions,and suggesting a heritability of IQ is as high as .8.
B)  He hypothesized that the average IQ difference between African American and white Americans is significantly determined by genetic factors.
C)  His idea for eugenics,initially envisioned as a positive program to promote breed-ing by the gifted,was later taken up in negative programs designed to eliminate breeding by the unfit.D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 11

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   many more measurements that fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes.
B)   individual scores most widely separated from each other at the extremes.
C)   it will demonstrate the effect called regression towards the mean.
D)   it will arrange itself into a bell-shaped distribution.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Match the definition with the term.
-normal distribution

Accepted Answer

A)  a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes
B)  a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other
C)  a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variablesD) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 13

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   it showed the importance of environmental factors such as climate, government, and religious institutions in producing eminent scientists.
B)   it stimulated Galton to do the research for English Men of Science.
C)   it fully supported the strongly hereditarian position of Hereditary Genius.
D)   its criticism of many popular uses of the word nature inspired Galton to propose the phrase nature and nurture.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Match the definition with the term.
-scatter plot

Accepted Answer

A)  a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes
B)  a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other
C)  a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variablesD) A) and B)
E) A) and C) B

Question 15

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Accepted Answer

When studying the effectiveness of Opera...

Question 16

Match the definition with the term.
-regression toward the mean

Accepted Answer

A)  derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships
B)  a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables
C)  the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variableD) A) and B)
E) None of the above

Question 17

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Accepted Answer

A)   crudity of his measuring instruments.
B)   small number of subjects on which they were tried.
C)   underlying assumption of a strong correlation between practical intelligence and sensory acuity.
D)   statistical methods by which he analyzed his results.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Match the definition with the term.
-twin-study method

Accepted Answer

A)  recording the first reactions that come to mind following the random presentation of stimulus words
B)  the distribution of a standard set of questions to a large sample of respondents
C)  the investigation of the characteristics of adult monozygotic twins raised in dif-ferent adoptive environments
D)  the investigation the similarities and differences between different categories of twin pairsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   there was a positive correlation between the twins' IQ, indicating a significant role for heredity.
B)   those twin pairs who had been most completely separated and reared in different environments showed the greatest IQ differences, indicating a significant role for environment.
C)   it was difficult to find identical twin pairs who had been fully separated.
D)   the study involved more than 100 twin pairs.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

Accepted Answer

A)   suggested the programs had not worked as well as hoped.
B)   hypothesized that racial differences may have played a role in the disappointing performance of African American children.
C)   questioned the value of early education in mathematics.
D)   questioned the competence of the people who teach in inner city environments.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Correct Answer
verified
B

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Correct Answer
verified

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

Correct Answer
verified

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

Correct Answer
verified

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

Correct Answer
verified

Match the definition with the term. -coefficient of correlation

Correct Answer
verified

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

Correct Answer
verified

Match the controversy with the individual. -Cyril Burt

Correct Answer
verified

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Match the definition with the term. -normal distribution

Correct Answer
verified

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Match the definition with the term. -scatter plot

Correct Answer
verified
B

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Correct Answer
verified
When studying the effectiveness of Opera...
View Answer

Match the definition with the term. -regression toward the mean

Correct Answer
verified

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Correct Answer
verified

Match the definition with the term. -twin-study method

Correct Answer
verified

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Correct AnswerverifiedB

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

Correct AnswerverifiedPearson refined Galton's ideas about correlation and regression and developed a convenient formula for calculating a "product-moment correlation coefficient," also referred to as Pearson's r.The technique also allowed correlation to be extended to cover negative relationships.

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -coefficient of correlation

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the controversy with the individual. -Cyril Burt

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -normal distribution

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -scatter plot

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen studying the effectiveness of Opera...View AnswerShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -regression toward the mean

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -twin-study method

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified
When studying the effectiveness of Opera...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified